MSc Medical Visualisation & Human Anatomy School of Innovation & Technology

Kate MacDiarmid

(She/her)

I hail from Calgary, Alberta, Canada and completed my undergraduate degree in Neuroscience in 2021 at Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia). I was inspired to join the Medical Visualisation programme due to its unique intersection of creative thinking, health sciences, and cutting edge technology. Prior to undertaking the programme, I spent two years indulging my passion for travel, embarking on working holiday visas in both Australia and New Zealand and backpacking in Portugal, Morocco, and Indonesia.

Contact
clmacdiarmid@gmail.com
c.macdiarmid1@student.gsa.ac.uk
LinkedIn
Works
The development of a realistic, adjustable-density breast phantom with 3D printing for use as an ultrasound training tool
3D modelling
Volumetric visualisation
“Struck a Nerve” – Herniated disk explorer
“TookMyMeds” – What really happens when you take an SSRI?

The development of a realistic, adjustable-density breast phantom with 3D printing for use as an ultrasound training tool

This work was my thesis project for the Medical Visualisation and Human Anatomy programme. The aim of the project was to create realistic-looking breast tissue training simulations (“phantoms”) with diverse skin tones that also demonstrated different levels of breast density under ultrasound. Two phantoms were developed, one in a light-medium skin tone with a higher density, and one with a dark skin tone and lower density. Only low-cost materials and basic equipment were used in construction, making creation and distribution of the phantoms accessible. The phantoms were critically evaluated and contrasted by participants with various life science backgrounds, all of whom found the phantoms to be useful training tools and the presence of diverse skin tones to be an important addition.

This project allowed me to combine my interests in women’s health, diversification of healthcare educational materials, and healthcare accessibility. While some tweaks to the design are required, there is potential for future development and commercialisation of these breast phantoms into a low-cost alternative to those currently on the market.

Modelling breast moulds in ZBrush

Scaling and inspection of moulds in 3ds Max prior to printing

One half of the mould on the flatbed of the 3D printer

Breast phantoms during participant evaluation

Completed 3D-printed breast mould

Addition of handmade silicone lactiferous ducts during phantom construction

Breast phantoms during participant evaluation

Ultrasound image of lighter tone/high-density phantom

Apparatus for breast phantom evaluation

3D modelling

This 3D animation of the action of brachioradialis was completed using ZBrush and 3ds Max, leading industry-standard modelling and rendering software. Brachioradialis is a small muscle in the forearm, the action of which is demonstrated by executing a throwing motion. All 30 bones of the upper limb were individually retopologized, sculpted, and textured from primitive assets, and the muscle was box modelled from scratch. This project was highly beneficial for gaining an understanding of the variability and flexibility of workflows that can be undertaken to create such a render. Realistically animating the effect of gravity on the apple and the motion of the outstretched hand was a unique challenge in this assignment.

Humerus bone before and after retopologizing

Box modelling brachioradialis from reference image

Manual UV unwrapping

Rigging and animation

Lighting

Volumetric visualisation

This work comprises a series of exercises completed for the Volumetric Visualisation course, where 3D models were constructed from medical imaging datasets. Both direct and indirect volume rendering techniques were used. I greatly enjoyed the challenges of segmenting anatomical areas from different types of datasets and developing creative solutions for displaying the data in the best manner. It was intriguing to see the ways in which my classmates visualised the same datasets differently. I look forward to continuing to grow my skills in the software used in this course.

Indirect volume rendering of the lungs showing the locations of two tumours

Oblique section through the lungs showing the tumours in detail

Indirect volume rendering showing the location of a tumour in the brain relative to an incision point in the skull

Inferior view of the tumour relative to the ventricular system of the brain

Direct volume rendering of a tooth

Indirect volume rendering of a tooth with a cross-section through the dentine

Direct volume rendering showing a pre-operative shattered pelvis

Direct volume rendering showing the post-operative pelvis with screws and plates relative to incision staples

“Struck a Nerve” – Herniated disk explorer

This interactive application was developed in Unity 3D in collaboration with my classmates Ashna Konjeti and Chloe Levenson. Our goal was to create an engaging and simple learning tool for public education on herniated disks, a common spinal condition. My role in the project was to develop the disk anatomy explorer scene, where the user can zoom, rotate, and identify different anatomical areas of both healthy and herniated spinal disks. I was also responsible for creating a navigation menu that allows the user to navigate to any scene in the application, an important contribution to streamlining the user experience. Additions such as on-click colour changes and sounds enhanced the UI further. I really enjoyed the opportunity to enhance my skills in graphic design and UI for this project.

Title scene

Disk anatomy explorer of a herniated spinal disk

Disk anatomy explorer of a healthy spinal disk

Navigation menu panel

“TookMyMeds” – What really happens when you take an SSRI?

This interactive application was my first experience creating in Unity 3D. Inspired by my previous background in neuroscience, I opted to create a learning tool for simplifying and visualising the drug action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a commonly prescribed type of medication used to treat depressive disorders. The application allows the user to release serotonin from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, where it interacts with the postsynaptic neuron. The user is able to directly compare the action of serotonin in the synapse both without and with the presence of an SSRI.

Title scene

SSRI being introduced

Action of serotonin without the presence of an SSRI

Action of serotonin in the presence of an SSRI